ITIN vs. SSN at a glance

ITINSSN
Issued byIRSSocial Security Administration
PurposeTax filing onlyWork, benefits, and tax
Who qualifiesPeople not eligible for an SSNCitizens & work-authorized residents
Authorizes work?NoYes
Starts with9Varies
Used for loans?Yes, many productsYes, all products

What you can do with an ITIN

An ITIN lets you file and pay U.S. taxes, open bank accounts, apply for credit cards, and qualify for many loans — including mortgages, auto loans, and personal loans. What it does not do is authorize you to work or provide immigration status or Social Security benefits.

What happens when you get an SSN later

If you become eligible for an SSN, you must stop using your ITIN and tell the IRS. Importantly, you can ask the credit bureaus to link the credit history you built under your ITIN to your new SSN — so years of on-time payments aren't lost. That's the best reason to start building credit now, even with just an ITIN.

The bottom line

An ITIN isn't a lesser version of an SSN — it's a different tool for a different purpose. For borrowing and building credit, it gets you most of the way there. Use it well, and you'll be in a strong position whether or not an SSN ever comes.